A short journey from the Farmagudi hillock in Goa leads to the ancient ruins of the Neminatha Jain Basti. This centuries-old structure stands as a remnant of Goa’s Jain heritage, quietly narrating tales of devotion, scholarship, and community. Named after Neminatha, the 22nd Tirthankara in Jainism, the basti is more than a mere historical site; it is a testament to the religious and cultural exchanges that once flourished between Goa and regions like Gujarat.
Who was Neminatha?
Neminatha, also known as Nemi or Arishtanemi, is a revered figure in Jainism. As the 22nd Tirthankara, he is honored as one of the spiritual teachers or “ford-makers” who guide souls across the river of rebirth to liberation. His life and teachings resonate with themes of non-violence, renunciation, and spiritual clarity, embodying the path to self-realization in Jain philosophy. The basti, or temple, dedicated to him holds special importance for Jain pilgrims and history enthusiasts alike.
A Glimpse into History: The Kannada Inscriptions of Bandora
The origins of the Neminatha Jain Basti date back to 1423 AD, as documented in the ancient Kannada inscriptions found on a single stone. These inscriptions, now preserved at the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) Museum in Old Goa, reveal a fascinating connection to Gujarat. According to the inscriptions, King Sripala, a ruler from Gujarat, founded the village of Bandiwade (modern-day Bandora) and oversaw the construction of the basti. The inscriptions span several years, with dates recorded as Saka 1345 (1423 AD), Saka 1347 (1425 AD), and Saka 1355 (1433 AD), along with subsequent mentions of renovations led by a Jain patron named Simhanand in 1432 AD and 1433 AD.
These inscriptions not only highlight Goa’s historical ties with Gujarat but also reveal insights into the Vijayanagara period, with records suggesting that Goa was governed by a noble named Trimbaka, the son of Lakappa, under the reign of King Devaraya II.
Architectural Highlights of the Neminatha Jain Basti
The basti is a square-shaped temple built from robust laterite blocks, featuring grilled windows that filter light into its sacred interior. Lime mortar was extensively used in its construction, characteristic of the period’s architectural practices. The temple layout suggests that it once accommodated study halls for Jain disciples, known as Shamans, and lodging spaces for wandering monks, or Shravaks. This temple, then, was not just a place of worship but a vibrant center for spiritual learning and exchange.
A Legacy Preserved in Stone
The Neminatha Jain Basti stands as a reminder of a thriving Jain community that once existed in Goa, deeply connected to the spiritual and cultural traditions of Gujarat and Karnataka. The presence of Kannada inscriptions and the later renovations point to a continuing lineage of Jain monks across three generations, highlighting a sustained tradition of pilgrimage, learning, and patronage.
Today, while much of the structure is in ruins, it remains a symbol of Goa’s diverse religious history. The careful preservation of these inscriptions by the ASI offers valuable insights into Goa’s historical tapestry, bridging connections between regional dynasties and Jain communities.
Visiting the Neminatha Jain Basti
Though it may not attract as many visitors as other Goan landmarks, the Neminatha Jain Basti offers a unique, contemplative experience for those interested in exploring lesser-known aspects of Goa’s past. Standing amidst its ancient ruins, one can almost hear echoes of centuries-old teachings, as if the site itself whispers the enduring legacy of Jain philosophy and devotion.
For history buffs, architecture enthusiasts, and spiritual seekers alike, the Neminatha Jain Basti is a hidden gem that embodies Goa’s historical richness, inviting visitors to discover the deep-rooted cultural connections that shape this vibrant region.
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