Nestled in the serene village of Somnathpura, just 36 kilometers from Mysore in Karnataka, lies the architectural gem of the Hoysala dynasty—the Chennakeshava Temple. Built in 1268 AD under the reign of King Narasimha III, this temple is a masterpiece that showcases the intricate artistry and devotion of its creators.
Historical Significance
The Chennakeshava Temple was constructed by Somanatha, a commander under King Narasimha III. As per inscriptions in both Sanskrit and Kannada, Somanatha established a Brahmin settlement, naming it Vidyanidhi Prasanna Somnathpura, and consecrated the temple to Lord Keshava. A second inscription in Harihara corroborates his contribution, detailing his role in building a gopuram at the Harihareshwara Temple and this temple in Somnathpura.
The temple stands as a testament to the Hoysala dynasty’s architectural legacy, alongside other famous Hoysala temples in Belur and Halebid, all nominated for UNESCO World Heritage status in 2022-2023.
Architecture and Layout
The temple complex is enclosed within a rectangular courtyard measuring 215 feet by 177 feet, with a raised verandah supported by pillars. The central temple is constructed on a three-foot-high stellate platform, embodying the trikutachala style with three shrines dedicated to different forms of Vishnu:
- Keshava (Chennakeshava) – The main deity in the west sanctum.
- Venugopala – Krishna playing the flute in the southern sanctum.
- Janardhana – Another form of Vishnu in the northern sanctum.
Each shrine features its own tower, vestibule, and intricately carved entrance adorned with depictions of Vishnu, his avatars, and other divine figures.
Inner Sanctums
The sanctums house beautiful idols of Vishnu:
- Keshava: Standing on a Garuda pedestal, the original idol was damaged, and a restored version now occupies the sanctum.
- Venugopala: Depicted under a tree, playing the flute, with cows, sages, and celestial beings carved around him.
- Janardhana: A majestic four-armed Vishnu holding a conch, discus, lotus, and mace.
Each sanctum features exquisite lintels and intricately carved doorways, narrating stories from Hindu mythology.
Outer Walls and Towers
The temple walls are a visual narrative of Indian epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavata Purana. Six distinct bands of carvings include:
- Elephants symbolizing strength.
- Horsemen representing speed.
- Scrollwork of nature with intricate floral patterns.
- Scenes from mythology.
- Makara (mythical creatures) and peacocks.
- Figures depicting daily life, festivals, and divine stories.
The temple’s towers, shaped like 16-pointed stars, are adorned with motifs and sculptures. They culminate in a stone Kailasa and an amalaka (inverted lotus), epitomizing the Hoysala penchant for detail.
Sabhamandapa and Pillars
The temple hall, or sabhamandapa, features perforated stone screens that allow light to filter through, casting intricate patterns. Lathe-turned pillars, smooth to the touch, support the ceiling adorned with 16 unique panels, each showcasing a distinct design.
Legends and Myths
Local legends add a mystical allure to the temple. It is said that its beauty was so divine that gods tried to lift it to heaven. To prevent this, the architect is believed to have deliberately defaced some carvings, anchoring the temple back to Earth.
Legacy and Artistic Contribution
The temple is also a gallery of the sculptors’ artistry. Names like Mallitamma, Baleya, Chaudaya, and others are inscribed on the sculptures they crafted, with Mallitamma alone contributing to over 40 pieces.
A Living Museum
Though no longer an active place of worship, the Chennakeshava Temple at Somnathpura stands as a monument to the artistic and spiritual fervor of the Hoysala dynasty. It’s not just a temple; it’s a chronicle of devotion, craftsmanship, and history that continues to inspire awe in all who visit.
Plan your visit to this Hoysala gem and immerse yourself in its timeless splendor!
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